Purpose. To assess morphological features of tissue regeneration processes in lower extremities in patients with the diabetic foot syndrome after low-level laser therapy (LLLT).
Materials and methods. The article presents a comparative retrospective analysis of the histological material of wound tissues in 125 patients with the diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Studied material – histological sections of wound tissues stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The material was divided into two groups: main group – 65 micro-preparations of wound tissues of DFS patients who were treated traditionally plus LLLT; control group – 60 micro-preparations of wound tissues of DFS patients who had surgical wound debridement , then traditional comprehensive therapy with local wet-drying dressings.
Results and discussion. The analysis of the obtained results has shown that LLLT promotes activation of cellular components and increases their number: macrophages, lymphocytes, fi broblasts. One can also see faster regenerative processes and granulation tissue formation as well as signifi cantly less area of wound surface, if to compare to the group of patients treated with traditional comprehensive wound management and local techniques.
Conclusion. LLLT in the comprehensive management of patients with DFS purulent-necrotic forms can accelerate reparative processes in wound defects and signifi cantly reduce their area. It also helps to clean wounds, to reduce or eliminate infl ammatory processes within much shorter terms than under traditional care. LLLT stimulates production of granulation tissue and accelerates epithelialization as well.

The article discusses outcomes after treating 88 elderly patients with degenerative pathologies of the spine, 42 of whom had previous decompression- stabilizing surgical interventions. Clinical manifestations of the disease were characterized by prolonged pain syndrome, lumboishialgia caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the arch-process joints and progressive degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Surgical intervention in 65 patients included puncture laser ablation of the medial branch of the spinal nerve in the facet joint. In 23 patients, ablation of the medial branch of the spinal nerve was performed at two (n = 8) and three (n = 15) levels using four-channel radio frequency generator COSMAN G4.
Excellent and good results after surgery were found in 58 (65.9%) patients. The researchers assessed intermediate results within 3 years in 55 patients, and 37 (42.01%) of them had a stable positive state. Minimally invasive laser and radiofrequency technologies in the treatment of degenerative polysegmental pathologies of the spine in elderly and old people is justifi ed, and it is an important component of their rehabilitation

Objective. Pigment benign skin formations, including pigment spots, nevi and congenital giant pigment nevi (CGPN) are pathological skin formations located in its various layers, consisting of a cluster of melanocytes – cells containing the pigment melanin. CGPN are a special psychological and medical problem associated with extensive unaesthetic changes in the skin and with changed appearance of the patient Currently, there are numerous methods for treating pigmented skin formations, including CGPN. But all them are often ineffective and lead to unsatisfactory clinical and aesthetic results, while the incidence of complications sometimes reaches 41 % of cases in the form of scarring and recurrences. In this regard, the problem of effective and correct treatment of them continues to be relevant and requires further research in this direction.
Purpose. To experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of application of laser light with wavelength λ = 450 nm for improving outcomes of treatment of pigmented skin formations, including CGPN, in children.
Materials and methods. In the present trial, the researchers used laser light of “blue” spectral range (λ = 450 nm) with the absorption peak close to melanin, hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. Such light is generated by diode laser «Lasermed 10-03», developed for medical purposes by Russian Engineering Club LLC, Tula, Russian Federation. An experimental biomedical study was performed in vitro on cooled samples of mini-pig liver and muscles and in vivo on the pigmented skin of a live laboratory rat with the assessment of morphometric parameters and dynamics of the regenerative wound process at the irradiated zones.
Results. The results of the performed experimental study promoted the development of optimal modes of “blue” (λ = 450 nm) laser irradiation for the precise removal of various pigmented skin formations.
Conclusion. Laser light with wavelength 450 nm is a promising technique for the effective treatment of pigmented skin formations, among others CGPN, in pediatric patients as well

Purpose: to study the effectiveness of combined laser treatment in patients with the advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
Material and methods: the present study included 63 patients with POAG. They were divided into the studied group (32 eyes) and control group (31 eye). Patients age ranged from 65 to 78 years (mean 70.68 ± 4.39 years in the studied group and 69.48 ± 3.82 in the control group). Intraocular pressure (IOP) in all patients was compensated with antihypertensive drops, and in average was 20.36 ± 1.27 mm Hg in the studied group and 20.02 ± 1.43 mm Hg in the control group. The number of antihypertensive drugs used before surgery ranged from 2 to 3 (average 2.40 ± 0.49 in the studied group and 2.51 ± 0.50 in the control group). YAG-LAT was performed with Lightlas YAG Nd-YAG laser (Lightmed, USA). Microimpulse transcleral cyclophotocoagulation (mTS-CPC) was performed with Cyclo G6 Glaucoma Laser System (IRIDEX, USA). In the studied group, all patients had YAG-LAT with mTS-CPC; in the control group – mTS-CPC. Patients were examined on days 1 and 7; and then in 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. The obtained results were summarized in a table and were statistically processed.
Results: in the studied group, on day 1 after the intervention IOP was (mm Hg): 19.36 ± 1.36, in the control group – 19.45 ± 1.15; on day 7: studied group – 20.59 ± 1.5, control group – 19.9 ± 2.68; in one month: studied group – 13.95 ± 1.67, control group – 15.8 ± 1.5; in three months: studied group – 15.04 ± 1.13, control group – 16.48 ± 1.12; in 6 months: studied group – 15.27 ± 1.77, control group – 16.23 ± 1.41.
Conclusion: the combined laser technology which includes YAG-laser activation of the trabecula and mTS-CPC is an effective and safe method for lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

Cholelithiasis complicated with a bilioenteral fistula and small bowel biliary obstruction is an absolute indication for surgical treatment. To date, modern capabilities of high-tech specialized intra-luminal operative endoscopy with laser lithotripsy can prevent the routine surgical intervention, thus reducing the risk of adverse events and length of hospital stay. This clinical case describes diagnostics of the pathology and the first experience in treating the Bouveret syndrome with lithotripsy and thulium laser (Tm:YAG) light.
Purpose: to improve outcomes in patients with small bowel biliary obstruction and a bilioenteral fistula using thulium laser (Tm:YAG) light as the first and final method of surgical (endoscopic) treatment.
Material and methods: a patient with pains in the upper abdomen, weakness, vomiting after eating was admitted to the Botkin Hospital. Complete blood analysis, biochemical blood analysis, transabdominal ultrasound and X-ray examination of abdominal organs were made at the reception department. After that, she was transferred to the surgical department where computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed.
Results: The performed instrumental diagnostics revealed a large calculus with diameter up to 4.5 cm in the bulb of the duodenum and a fistula passage connecting to the gallbladder with diameter of up 2.0 cm. Because of long disease duration and a formed internal fistula the patient was simultaneously made esophagogastroduodenoscopy and lithotripsy to resolve small bowel obstruction. The calculus was removed using thulum laser (Tm:YAG) technique, a lithotriptor basket and an endoscopic loop for fragments extraction. The performed endoscopic procedure with thulium laser light has showed its high efficiency
Conclusion: The effectiveness of laser medical technique with Tm:YA in patients with Bouveret syndrome has been proven by the authors

The article demonstrates a clinical example of the effective application of laser shock-wave destruction for the treatment of a patient with focal squamous cell hyperplasia of the vulva. The example is illustrated in dynamics and shows the selective impact at biological tissues without damaging the neighboring areas. The effectiveness of the discussed technique has been confirmed and a stable long-term remission was observed