The authors present a review of publications in the scientific and medical literature on modern concepts of mechanisms of low-level laser biostimulating effects at the human body, at microvasculature chains and lymphoid organs. The main aspect of microcirculation photoactivation is the process of microcirculation reconstruction which leads to prolonged improvement in tissue trophism. There are three processes in the basement of biostimulating effect of low-level laser light in the red and near infrared spectral regions at microcirculation: hemomicrocirculation enhancement, activation of capillary neovascularization, lymphocorrection effects at the structure and functional activity of lymphoid organs.

Purpose: To study a combined application of kinesis and laser therapy for correcting regional hemodynamic disorders in patients having dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCMP) with simultaneous supportive pharmaceutical therapy. Material and methods. 100 patients with a verified diagnosis of DCMP were taken into the study. All patients had a differentiated supportive pharmtherapy. In three months after selection of the supportive differentiated drug therapy, patients were divided into two groups comparable by gender, age, disease course, severity of state and ways of medicine administration. Patients from Group 1, in addition to the supporting differentiated drug therapy, were given intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) and unloading physical exercises. Patients from Group 2 continued their course of differentiated drug therapy.Research techniques included: clinical and functional observations; venous-occlusive plethysmography for assessing regional hemodynamics with a generally accepted method: measurement of blood flow (Qr) and regional vascular resistance (Rr) at rest; venous tone (Vt), reserve blood flow (QH) and regional vascular resistance (RH) under the functional loading test. Results. The data obtained during dynamic observations (in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) in Group 1 demonstrated a significant increase in volumetric blood flow velocity at rest (Qr) and reserve blood flow (QH); decrease of the regional vascular resistance at rest (Rr) and under functional loading (RH) as well as the decrease of venous tone (Vt), respectively. In Group 2 (controls), there were no significant positive dynamics; moreover, regional hemodynamics significantly worsened in 9 and 12 months. Conclusion. By the findings of venous-occlusive plethysmography, regional hemodynamics significantly improved in patients with DCMP under unloading therapeutic gymnastics in combination with ILBI and correctly selected differentiated drug therapy. The developed curative technique can be used in medical practice by GPs, therapists, cardiologists for optimizing treatment of patients with DCMP.

Chronic pain in the cervical spine is one of the relevant problems of modern vertebrology. This is due to the polyetiological formation of clinical symptoms and to the variety of surgical techniques, which are often used without taking into account the leading pathomorphological substrate of clinical symptoms. Purpose: To analyze clinical results of surgical treatment of an isolated facet-syndrome of the cervical spine using laser denervation of facet joints (FJ).Material and methods. The study included 234 patients aged in average 58 (53; 67). After provocative tests, an isolated facet-syndrome was diagnosed in them. FJ laser denervation was performed in 2013–2016. A visual analogue pain scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), Macnab subjective satisfaction scale and complications were used for analyzing treatment efficacy. The follow-up dynamic observation lasted for 36 months, in average, after the surgery. Results. It has been found out that the technique of laser denervation of cervical FJ is highly effective for treating patients with an isolated facet-syndrome caused by FJ degenerative diseases. Clinical efficacy is supported by a persistent positive dynamics in terms of pain syndrome and functional status at early and late postoperative periods with low risks of perioperative complications.

Purpose. To improve the cure of knee osteoarthirtis using a combination of arthroscopic laser surgery and intraosseous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Material and methods. 32 patients (18 men and 14 women) with osteoarthrosis (OA) of the knee joint, degree II–III (by Kellgren–Lawrence classification), participated in the study. By MRI findings, all patients had meniscus and cartilage damage. The arthroscopic intervention was done with laser device «LSP IRE Polyus», wavelength 0.97 mkm. In addition to the arthroscopy, patients were made extra-articular intraosseous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma topically into the altered subchondral bone under the control of an electronic optical transducer (OEC Fluorostar 7900 COMPACT 2). The evaluation of treatment efficacy was made using WOMAC and KOOS knee function assessment scales, as well as VAS scale (pain intensity) before surgery and 1 and 3 months after the treatment beginning. Results. In 3 months, WOMAC scale showed the improved knee joint function by 25.38 points, KOOS scale – by 37.4 points and VAS scale – by 35 points (p < 0.01). Thus, the performed curative technique increased the support capacity, range of motion in the knee joint, less pain – all these contributed to the achievement of prolonged effect.

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of tattoo pigment removal with laser light depending on the wavelength and depth of penetration
into tissues in order to optimize a technique of laser selective photocavitation. Material and methods. 127 male white mongrel rats, aged 8 weeks, were intradermally injected with pigment particles into their backs looking like 2 rows of spots 0.5 cm in diameter. In 6 weeks, 367 skin samples with tattoo pigment were taken. Each sample was a patch of epidermis with pigment crystals surrounded by connective tissue capsules not less than 2.5 mm of thickness. Before the experiment, the epidermal stratum corneum – 10–15 mkm in depth and about 1 mm in diameter- was removed with spray-coagulation (apparatus EHVCH-50-MEDSI). The rest of skin flap surface remained intact. Thus, each skin sample had two areas on the surface – one with removed stratum corneum (experimental) and the other one intact (control). To register changes in the luminous flux, the authors placed an emitter (IPL xenon lamp 7.65.130), tissue sample and photomultiplier (PMT-62) on one and the same axis. To cut off light waves, the authors used a set of light filters – 315, 364, 400, 440, 490, 540, 590, 670, 750, 870, 980 nm. Results. Destruction of skin surface layers was not statistically significant under wavelengths up to 450 nm and after 1000 nm. The epidermal stratum corneum prevents laser light penetration with wavelengths 450–694 nm by 27%, in average, and with wavelengths 700–1000 nm by 33%, in average. Conclusion. Epidermal stratum corneum destruction statistically significantly increases light density in deep tissue layers and increases the depth of penetration of laser light into biological tissues.

The modern approach to the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins utilizes physical techniques for endovasal obliteration. It is characterized by significantly fewer side effects and opens new possibilities for the treatment of patients with varicose disease. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency obliteration of varicose veins and puncture laser obliteration of perforant veins in the combined treatment of patients with varicose disease (VD). Material and methods. Outcomes of treatment of 528 patients with VD in the pool of the great saphenous vein (GSV) or small saphenous vein (SSV) have been analyzed. These patients had the combined treatment, which included radiofrequency obliteration of GSV and SSV trunk and / or Giacomini vein. Of these, 335 patients had also ECHO Foam-Form sclero-obliteration of GSV and SSV inflows and perforant veins on the thigh and / or ankle. In 266 patients, their treatment was combined with miniphlebectomy of GSV and SSV inflows and perforant veins on the thigh and / or ankle; and in 55 patients – with puncture laser obliteration of perforant veins. Results. The assessment of curative outcomes have has shown that postoperative pain intensity (VAS) was 3.1 + 0.5. Transient paresthesias were seen in 14 (3.4%) cases. Local ecchymoses – in 18 (4.3%) cases. Consequences of tumescent anesthesia: local ecchymoses and hyposthesia passed after 3–5 days. Skin pigmentation was noted in 1 case and lasted up to 3 months. Thrombosis was registered in 2 cases as a parietal thrombus in the great saphenous vein at the level of the middle third of the thigh; and in 2 cases as a thrombotic clot prolapse.

The present article is a review of literature sources and electronic databases on the conservative treatment of mucositis and peri-implantitis. The authors analyze potentials of diode lasers, generating light in the infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum. They discuss further development of this direction and issues for the application of this type of lasers in implantology. They also discuss several parameters for the discussed laser light in dental implantology, like: antimicrobial effect, thermal effect, possible damage to implant surface, biostimulating and anti-inflammatory effect, better implant surface cleaning, accelerated osseointegration, control for apical migration and formation of stable denture attachment.

The authors present a review of foreign publications in 2010–2019 on laser light application in urology. The analyzed articles confirm its high efficiency, safety and competitiveness if to compare with traditional instruments in surgery of urological pathologies. The combinaiton of laser light and endoscope turned to be the most effective. Laser medical technologies are used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, urolithiasis, cicatricial lesions of the urinary tract, and urothelial tumors. There is a tendency in applying laser technologies more frequently in laparoscopic surgery.