Objective. This study was undertaken to demonstrate that the combination of coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) and transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) in patients with advanced coronary artery disease (CAD) improves surgical outcomes due to improved vasoconstriction. Materials and methods. 14 heart preparations from patients with IHD with diffuse lesion of coronary arteries who died after surgery were studied: 8 - after CABG (Group 1) and 6 - after CABG + TMLR (Group 2). Heart and vessel preparations were studied both macro-and microscopically. In all cases findings of histopathomorphologic examination were comparable with clinical results (hospital mortality, serious adverse effects - SAE). Results. The macro- and microscopical examination revealed that after CABG thrombosis of by-pass anastomosis and coronary arteries was seen in all hearts. It is just thrombosis that became the basic cause of death. A different picture was seen in Group 2 in which patients had CABG + TMLR surgery. There was neither any «paradoxical spasm» nor IM in coronary arteries at laser irradiation sites. High mortality rate (12.1 %) and SAE rate (33.3%) in Group 1 may be explained with the worsening of coronary spasm in patients with the terminal stage of coronary artery impairment. While much less hospital mortality (1.15%) and morbidity (2.3%) in Group 2 (CABG + TMLR) may be explained with laser-induced dilatation of coronary artery distal flow. An increased resistance of microcirculatory flow in the myocardium decreases the effectiveness of by-pass functioning and thus, restoration of myocardial blood flow. We suggest that positive intraoperative TMLR effects are promoted by myocardial microflow dilatation and improved perfusion just during the surgery. Conclusion. The worsening of catecholamine-induced vasospasm and reduction of myocardial blood flow in patients with IHD and diffuse impairment of coronary arteries is a typical event after coronary by-pass. Good outcomes after TMLR in this group of patients are likely to be explained with prevention of vasoconstriction of coronary arteries in patients with marked IHD. Better hospital parameters in patients after CABG + TMLR could be explained by vasodilatation of vessels in the microcirculatory flow.

The authors have analyzed results of treatment of 173 patients with hemorrhoid lesion of stage 3-4 who were divided into two groups: main group (91) and controls (82). Both groups were representative and differed only by the type of surgical intervention. In the main group the technique of sutureless hemorrhoidectomy with thulium (Tm) - activated laser light (wavelength 1.94 μm) which had been developed by the authors was used. In the control group Miligan-Morgan surgery in various modifications was performed. The proposed technique of sutureless laser hemorrhoidectomy may be used on the dry surgical field; it may also reduce surgical time and stimulate more rapid wound healing in the anal canal by primary intention. The incidence of postoperative complications decreased by more than 10%.

To define effects of infrared laser therapy at autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid function and reproductive activity in women of childbearing age, 180 patients aged 20-35 were examined. They had infertility (47), habitual miscarriage (45) and different types of menstrual dysfunction (86). The obtained findings were divided into three groups depending on the thyroid gland activity: I - euthyroidism, II - subclinical hypothyroidism, III - overt hypothyroidism. The performed therapy resulted in a significant reduction of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase in all groups. Decrease of thyroid stimulating hormone and increase of thyroxine to normal values in groups I and II, subnormal - in III were noted as well. Menstrual cycle was normalized in 2 months in 75% of women who originally had menstrual dysfunction. 44.2% of women who had suffered of infertility got pregnant and delivered healthy children. Thus, the obtained results indicate a high efficiency of infrared laser therapy for irradiation of the thyroid gland in women of reproductive age suffering from autoimmune thyroiditis with thyroid dysfunction combined with menstrual dysfunction, infertility and habitual abortions.

756 patients with complicated forms of cholelithiasis were treated with modern little-invasive and laser technologies. The main group (414 patients) included patients who were treated with the developed curative algorithm which involves little-invasive percutaneous interventions at the first phase and irradiation with laser light of varying intensity at the second phase of treatment. The other 342 patients had traditional treatment without laser technologies. The discussed therapeutic algorithm reduces the number of complications, reduces the time of hospital stay as well as postoperative mortality.

The aim of the present study was to compare results of combined application of low-intensive laser irradiation, fine-dispersion drug irrigation of venous ulcers and surgical correction of venous hemodynamics in 160 patients with chronic venous diseases of class C6. 102 (63.7%) patients from Group 1 had a combined therapy - laser irradiation and fine dispersion drug irrigation. In Group II (n = 58) patients had a conventional treatment. On day 5 in Group I one could see a decrease of microbial contamination from 10⁷-10⁸ to 10⁴-10⁵ (p < 0.05), and on day 20 - no contamination. Epithelisation dynamic parameters prevailed in Group I more than by two folds (p < 0.05). Surface purification, granulations and the onset of epithelisation were seen on days 4.2 ± 1.1 and 9.6 ± 1.3; 5.9 ± 0.8 and 13.1 ± 2.1; 8.9 ± 1.2 and 23.3 ± 1.6, respectively. Complete epithelisation in patients from Group I and Group II was in 29.1 ± 0.7 and 46.2 ± 0.8 days (p < 0.05). 12 months later after the conservative treatment the recurrence of trophic ulcers was seen in 34.8% in Group I and in 66.7% in Group II. Preoperative measures in Group I reduced the preoperative period by 2.8 folds. Complete intake of autodermograft in Group I was achieved in 75% of cases, in Group II - in 32.3%. Combined application of low-intensive laser irradiation and fine- dispersion drug irrigation is a pathogenic non-invasive technique for the conservative treatment and preoperative preparation in C6 class patients.

Objective. To study effects of low-intensive laser therapy (LILT) at the functional parameters of blood aggregate system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results. There were revealed heterogeneous types of platelet dysfunction with dominating hyperaggregation as well as reliable improvement of aggregation function in patients treated with LILT. It has also been found out that LILT normalizes initially accelerated hemocoagulation in COPD patients. Therapy with low intensive laser irradiation results in reliable improvement of blood aggregative parameters. Conclusion. Laser therapy as a part of complex treatment of patients with COPD normalizes balance in the regulation system of blood aggregation.

Effects of infrared laser light irradiation at the leucocyte level in the peripheral blood in rats have been studied in the present work. Zones of bone marrow location were repeatedly irradiated with summarized energy density 450 and 112 J/cm². Irradiation with 112 J/cm² resulted in the increase of total leukocyte level in blood. A left shift of leukocyte formula was observed: on the first day - increase of absolute count of band neutrophils, on days 3 and 7 - increase of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes. Infrared laser irradiation with density 450 J/cm² did not cause any significant drop in the total leukocyte count or shift in the neutrophil and lymphocyte level. The eosinophil level decreased irrespective of irradiated dosage. The monocyte level increased after 450 J/cm² irradiation and decreased after 112 J/cm² irradiation. Thus, multiple laser irradiations of bone marrow with 112 J/cm² caused more pronounced changes in the leukocyte level as compared to 450 J/cm².

The aim of the present work was to study possibilities of infrared thermography (ITG) in diagnostics of hemangiomas for their further treating with photochromotherapy (PCT). The researchers analyzed their observational findings which were obtained in 200 young patients from their birth till one year of life who had photochromotherapy during 2010-2011. All patients had hemangiomas which were treated with photochromotherapy. While studying hemagiomas’ pathogenesis in patients till one year of age one can see changed blood circulation in their lesions. These changeswere of various intensity, so PCT parameters were selected depending on ITG findings. ITG findings for vascular tumours were analyzed before treatment and during it, so as to monitor therapeutic effectiveness. PCT energy dosage of red spectrum light (X = 0.67) was chosen depending on ITG findings: if ITG was +2.0 °C - +0.8 °C, the dosage was W = 2,25 J/cm²; if ITG was +0.7 °C - +0.5 °C, the dosage was W = 1.25 J/cm²; if TG was +0.4 °C - +0,1 °C, the dosage was W = 0.25 J/cm². Such an approach promoted better effectiveness in treating hemangiomas in babies.

Objective: To study a pathogenetic importance of comorbidity for acne recurrence and chronicity as well as to study effectiveness of an innovative therapeutic combination including low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Materials and design: 276 patients with various forms of acne disease (AD) aged 16-44 were included into the study. The majority of them (n-126, 45.6%) had severe manifestations and disease duration from 1 to 5 years (n-157, 56.9%). They were subdivided into two groups: Group I - controls (n-39) who were treated traditionally; Group II - main (n-237) who were treated with the authors’ exclusive method LLLT + PDT. The long-term monitoring catamnesis was studied in 182 patients (1 year), in 154 patients (2-3 years) and 124 patients (4-5 years). Research techniques: syndromological monitoring of comorbidities, statistical analysis. Results and conclusions. A comparative analysis of clinical effectiveness in the main group (Group II) and in the controls (Group I ) with various forms of acne disease , with various duration of curative period as well as with various set of «disease-satellites» has revealed much better diagnostics of acne «disease-satellites» in Group II. There was a significant regression of symptoms in this group at the first - second stages in 77.6 patients (90.4%), while in the controls (Group I ) not more than in 25.1 patients (30.6%); complete elimination of symptoms in Group II in 86.3 patients (94.8%), while in the controls (Group I) in no one. In Group II a significant improvement (p < 0.01) has also been revealed in the ratio of diagnosed acne «disease-satellites» including immunodeficient ones caused by hormonal imbalances , general habit disorders and psychological status. Moreover, a significant regression of symptoms in Group II was seen at the first and second stages in 77.6 patients ( 95.4%); in controls - no more than in 21.1 patient (30.6%); In addition, in Group II a complete elimination of manifestations at subsequent follow-ups was seen in 86.3 patients (97.8%), while in controls - none.

Introduction. One of the techniques for non-specific regulation of cellular activity in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) at the stage of preliminary cultivation in vitro is irradiation with low-intensive laser light (LILI). The aim of the present work was to study limiting regimes for continuous LILI of red (635 nm) and green (525 nm) spectra. Materials and methods. The adhesive MSC culture, 4 passages, received from the umbilical tissue of a donor who had given his informed consent was used in the study. Irradiation was done with laser therapeutic device «Lazmik-VLOK» (RU No RZN 2014/1410 dated 06.02.2014) having emitting heads with one laser diode KLO-635-40 (635 nm, 4.9 mWt/cm²) and KLO-525-50 (525 nm, 5.4 mWt/сш²) in continuous mode. The laser emitting heads were fixed with a special attachment for laser-vacuum massage taken from the set KB-5, diameter 35 mm. Exposure time in all regimes was 5 min. Conclusion. It has been shown that morphology and MSC vital capacity do not change under the applied energetic and time parameters. The obtained findings have defined limit values of chosen energetic parameters under which there is not only lack of positive effect as to the proliferation stimulation but, possibly, its inhibition.

Lasers in thoracic surgery have some advantages if to compare with other techniques applied in pulmonology. It is specifically effective for the resection of multiple metastases. The article presents clinical and experimental information on lasers most frequently used in thoracic surgery. A separate part of the article is devoted to modern possibilities of lasers in thoracoscopy. The authors also discuss all laser applications for curing endobronchial tumours. Most often, it is a palliative cure which prolongs the life of patients with malignant endobronchial lesions as well as improves their somatic status and quality of life. To extend the range of possibilities for thoracic surgeons and oncologists, further researches on peculiarities of laser light interaction with organism and pulmonary tissues and on the frequency of laser light exposures are needed.

The authors present an analytical review of researches in laser medicine which were carried out in medical institutions of Russian Federation in 2013. The review describes laser medical technologies in various fields of surgery, internal medicine, diagnostics; one can also learn news on mechanisms of laser light interactions with biological tissue. The authors present novel laser technologies applied in oncology, including those in photodynamic therapy (PDT), for the treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, as well as new information on medical laser technologies.