Purpose: to develop a technique for therapeutic application of photoactivated photosensitizer «Radachlorin» to be included into the complex
therapy of nosocomial pneumonia.

Material and methods. Twelve patients with nosocomial pneumonia were taken in the trial. They were treated with a device having a nebulizer with
a ring-shaped irradiator and diodes λ ≈ 660 nm for photoactivation of photosensitizer «Radachlorin» (manufactured by OOO «RADA-PHARMA»,
Moscow, registration number LS-001868). The photosensitizer was developed according to the technical tasks provided by OOO «New Surgical
Technologies» (Moscow, Russia). Radachlorin solution photolysis products were inhaled by the patients twice a day for 3 days in combination
with the standard therapy when they were in ICU. Patients in the control group (n = 12) did not have any inhalations.

Results and discussion. On day 3, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of various pathogens found in swabs from the throat decreased
by 39.45 ± 3.17 % on average; C-reactive protein decreased by 42.38 ± 4.26 %; procalcitonin decreased by 51.83 ± 3.45 %, if to compare
to baseline limits. At the same period in the control group, CFU in swabs increased in average by 17.28 ± 4.21 %; C-reactive protein increased
by 27.76 ± 3.52 %; procalcitonin increased by 30.15 ± 2.24 %. On day 10 in the main group, the number of CFU pathogens decreased
by 35.45 ± 3.32 %; C-reactive protein decreased by 72.15 ± 2.56 %; procalcitonin decreased by 55.56 ± 4.23 %, if to compare to baseline limits. On day 10 in the control group, CFU concentration remained elevated by 31.15 ± 2.56 %; C-reactive protein – by 65.32 ± 4.27; procalcitonin – by 30.21 ± 3.45 %, if to compare to baseline values. These findings indicate that the inflammatory process acquired a progressive form which demands switching to other curative modalities and more careful selection of antibiotics. The probability of random origin in statistical processing is p < 0.05. There were no undesirable side effects during procedures.

Conclusion. Justified application of the described technique – inhalations of photolysis products of E 6 chloride derivatives – has an effective therapeutic impact at the course of nosocomial pneumonia. It seems promising to continue investigations on the described technique, namely, to search for the most effective ways of its application, to find out an optimal number and frequency of procedures under the control of general clinical and special methods of examination of the studied patients, since the data which have been obtained by the authors us are preliminary and should be supplemented with new findings.

Purpose: to assess possibility to extrapolate findings of skin microvascular bed examination in lower extremities with laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis as a model of their myocardial microcirculation in coronary heart disease.

Material and methods. Males with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease (n = 70) and obliterating atherosclerosis in lower limb
arteries (n = 74) were taken in the study. Microcirculation of the skin in the left forearm in the Zakharyin – Head zone in patients with coronary
heart disease and skin microcirculation in the foot of affected limb in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of arteries of lower extremities were examined with laser Doppler flowmetry. The basal blood flow, amplitude-frequency spectrum of its oscillations, myogenic, neurogenic vascular tone and occlusion parameters were assessed as well. Comparison groups included 50 practically healthy males for the patients with coronary heart disease and 20 males – for the patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of arteries of lower extremities. Patients were examined
at the initial stage and in 2–3 weeks after endovascular restoration of blood flow in the myocardium and lower limbs.

Results and discussion. At the initial research stage, the microcirculation picture in patients with coronary heart disease and obliterating ath-
erosclerosis in lower extremities differed from that of healthy individuals by shifts covering all links of the microvascular bed and characterized
by constriction of the precapillary segment, a statistically significant decrease in median values of capillary blood flow by 17.5 and 43.1 %,
microvascular blood flow reserve – by 11.2 and 31.0 %, as well as by the increase in arteriolovenular blood bypass – by 10.3 and 70.8 %,
respectively. After the restoration of blood flow in lower extremities in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis, muscular pain disappeared,
and the ankle-shoulder index got normalized. At the same time, one could observe a statistically significant increase in the capillary blood flow
(+13.6 %), the increase of reserve potential in microvascular bed (+20.6 %) with the simultaneous decrease of vascular tone in the precapillary
segment (–15.1 %) and of the blood bypass index (–25.0 %). Better clinical picture after coronary angioplasty in patients with coronary heart disease was accompanied with a similar and unidirectional tendency to positive changes in the microvascular bed.

Conclusion. As far as etiopathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease and obliterating atherosclerosis in arteries of lower extremities have much in common and microcirculatory shifts in forearm and foot skin in these patients before and after angioplasty are unidirectional, all these allow to suggest that one can see similar changes in the myocardium microcirculatory system in patients with coronary heart disease. Thus, it opens possibilities to have a targeted medicamentous impact at the microvascular level.

Purpose: to study the quantitative intensity of optical density and light absorption of the electromagnetic radiation with tattoo pigment aqueous solution depending on its temperature.

Material and methods. One hundred twenty-three of the most common commercial tattoo pigments were selected for the trial; 369 samples of aqueous solutions were made of them. Optical density of each pigment sample was determined at 14 and 77 °C. Then, each sample was exposed to optical radiation (IPL xenon lamp with pulsed light) at 14 and 77 °C.

Results and discussion. Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths 532 and 1064 nm increased tattoo pigment destruction from 78,27 to 84,37 % under temperature rise from 14 to 77 °C.

Conclusion. Electromagnetic radiation of the optical range with wavelengths 532 and 1064 nm cannot destroy all tattoo pigments; however, optical density of solutions changes under temperature rise which promotes destruction of coloring agents.

Purpose: to study anatomical and physiological features of the soft palate in patients with rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome so as to minimize damage to tissue structures during laser uvulopalatoplasty.

Material and methods. Five hundred twenty-three patients with rhonchopathy and OSA syndrome were examined using the index technique for determining neck circumference-height ratio (NHR), pharyngoscopy and endoscopy of the oral and pharyngeal cavities.

Results. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is more often met in patients having rhonchopathy and the brachymorphic and mesomorphic type of their neck. The researchers have found a clear dependence between the increase in the number of patients having rhonchopathy and moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the increase of soft palate hypertrophy combined with ptosis. A cone-shaped depression on the anterior surface of the soft palate was noted in 80-90 % of patients with normal weight (body mass index < 25); in 40–60 % of patients with grade I obesity (body mass index – 30–34.9); in 10–15 % of patients with grade II obesity (body mass index – 35–39,9); in patients with grade III
obesity (body mass index > 40) there were no any depression in the soft palate. Patients with uncomplicated snoring have a thick area in the form
a pillow at the back of their soft palate sized 1 × 0.5 × 0.5 cm, while in patients with severe OSA syndrome this «pillow» is up to 2 × 1.5 × 1 cm.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of laser uvulopalatoplasty depends not only on the adequate choice of main parameters for laser irradiation, but also on the careful consideration of anatomical and functional features of the soft palate in each operated patient with rhonchopathy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The authors present a review of the studies of the effect of pulsed laser light in osteoarthritis depending on its wavelength. Laser radiation with wavelength 600 nm stimulates regeneration of bone tissues; laser light wavelength over 800 nm reduces weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscles with a simultaneous increase of extensor strength and joint mobility. Combination of pulsed laser light of various wavelengths has a marked analgesic effect in anti-inflammatory processes at the postoperative period after endoprosthetic surgery.

Purpose: to describe a clinical case of successful application of light-oxygen therapy (LOT) in a patient with plantar warts.

Material and methods. The publication presents a clinical case of the successful outcome after light-oxygen therapy in the absorption spectrum of endogenous oxygen with its transfer to the singlet state in a patient with plantar warts. Russian-made diode laser «Super Seb», manufactured by LLC New Surgical Technologies (Moscow, Russia) with wavelength near 1265 nm, laser power 0–3 W was used as a source of laser light. Radiation power was from 2.1 to 2.7 W. Power density – from 0.86 to 1.86 W/cm². Exposure dose – from 258 to 558 J/cm². No anesthesia was required. The maximal surface heating temperature during the procedure was 41 °C. Temperature was controlled with non–contact infrared thermometer ELARI SmartCare model YC-E13 (manufactured by Zhengyang Yuncheng Medical Technology Co. Ltd., China) to eliminate thermal damage. Laser sessions were twice a week with 3–4 day intervals.

Results. Complete clinical remission was achieved after 14 LOT sessions.

Conclusions. Light-oxygen therapy is an effective and safe procedure for patients with plantar warts.