Laser light is effectively used to treat diseases of the thyroid gland, namely thyropathies and hypothyroidism. Laser irradiation dose can influence the relative area of vascular bed as well as blood flow modulation in the thyroid gland what is confirmed by its functional state, synthesis, accumulation and secretion of thyroid hormones. The aim of the present work was to study effects of medium-level infrared laser irradiation at the summarized density dose on the skin surface equal to 112 and 450 J/cm² at the thyroid microcirculation in normal state and in hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. Experimental animals were lab male rats. Results. It has been shown that laser exposure changes vascular bed of the thyroid gland both in intact animals and in animals with hypothyroidism model depending on dose density. When comparing effects of the two studied modes of laser irradiation of the thyroid gland with experimental hypothyroidism, 112 J/cm² dose density on the skin surface is preferable. The obtained results can be used to correct hypothyroidism in experiment.

Purpose: To study effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) course combined with aerobic exercises at the microcirculation system in highly skilled football players with different types of vegetative regulation of their heart rhythm. Materials and methods. Effects of 7-day LLLI course combined with aerobic exercises at the skin microcirculation system were studied in 24 highly skilled football players with different types of vegetative regulation of their heart rhythm. Results. LLLI improved functional capabilities of microcirculation system by increasing perfusion, enhancing flux motions and reducing microvascular tone. These changes improve oxygen supply to working organs what indirectly speeds up recovery processes in an athletes’ body after aerobic activity. Depending on the type of vegetative regulation of heart rhythm, LLLI has either stimulating or correcting effects at the microcirculation system. Conclusion. The researchers studied specific moments in the reactivity of microcirculation system after LLLI course as well their dependence on the type of vegetative regulation of heart rhythm. It has been shown that LLLI improves organism’s adaptive capabilities during training and competition activity.

Purpose of the present work is to evaluate effects of the combined action of physical activity and low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) at the organism of highly skilled football players with different types of heart rate regulation. Materials and methods. 24 highly skilled football players took part in the study. To assess combined effects of LLLI and specific physical loading, athletes had LLLI course using medical laser device «Uzor-3KS». Hormones were tested with the reagent kits «Hema» (Germany) by direct (TTH) and competitive (ACTH, cortisol, T3, T4 - total and free fractions) solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Beta-endorphin level was defined using enzyme immunoassay reagents set «Peninsula» (Italy) after freeze drying, extraction and sample preparation. Beta-endorphin, hormone levels were defined with vertical scanning photometer «StatFax 303 Plus» (Germany). Results. While analyzing characteristics of hormonal and neuropeptide response to physical activity after LLLI course in players with different types of vegetative regulation, it has been found out that athletes with moderate type of central regulation had a reliable increase in beta-endorphin, TTH, both thyroxine fractions, ACTH and cortisol. At the same time, the decrease in T3 level was seen. The players of the smallest group with pronounced dominance of central contour regulation showed a clear trend to beta-endorphin, TTG, cortisol increase and a trend to the decrease in both T3 fractions. Highly qualified football players with the autonomous circuit of heart rate regulation reacted to the combined action of LLLI and specific physical loading with a relatively moderate shift in the studied parameters of their hormonal status. In the group of players with an extremely high prevalence of autonomous contour of heart rate regulation, there was only a significant increase in beta-endorphin and cortisol levels. Conclusion. LLLI after specific physical activity has had a corrective effect at parameters of neuroendocrine status in highly skilled football players depending on the type of vegetative regulation of their heart rate.

To treat keloid and hypertrophic scars is not easy, first of all, because of their tendency to recurrences. 271 patients with keloid and hypertrophic cicatrixes were treated in Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine (Moscow) for the last 5 years. Laser biophotometry was used to have an objective assessment of laser therapy technique. Non-effective treatment was decreased from 40.2 to 20.8%. The discussed technique can be applied in keloid and hypertrophic cicatrixes in combination with other methods.

The aim of the present work is to develop and test a new technology of laser cataract extraction (LCE). Materials and methods. The authors describe a micro-invasive laser cataract extraction (mLCE) with the simultaneous application of 1.44 μm Nd-YAG endodissector and biostimulating low-level 0.63 He-Ne laser light which activates regenerative processes. Two types of laser light are delivered in the same lightguide. 528 surgeries were made in three groups of patients: new technology mLCE (148 cases), basic laser cataract extraction LCE (176 cases) and ultrasound microinvasive cataract phacoemulsification (mPhEC, 204 cases). Results. mLCE requires less irrigation volume (by 1.5 times); loss of corneal back endothelial cells in the studied group was twice less than in mPhEC group. Laser energy was twice more effective than ultrasound; interaocular pressure was twice less. The echobarometric picture of ciliary body thickness returned to initial parameters in 15-18 days after mLCE; in 20-25 days after LCE and in 80-90 days after mPhEC. Long-term follow-up (up to one year) has shown that after mLCE there were less complications (5.4%) compared to mPhEC (10.3%) though not much less as compared to basic surgery LCE (6.3%). Conclusion. New mLCE technology leads to less energy costs, less irrigation volume, less induced astigmatism, less loss of corneal back epithelium cells as well as to more rapid recovery terms.

Experimental results of in-vivo studies on laser-assisted photodissociation of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) under visible and near IR optical irradiation of arterial blood in the first hand finger are presented. Arterial HbCO concentration was measured by the fingertip pulse oximetry. The statistical assessment of obtained measurements in the spectral range of 400-940 nm has revealed changes in HbCO rela tive concentration depending on radiation source wavelength. It was shown that there are three maxima (at 525, 600 and 850 nm) HbCO spectra where HbCO concentration decreases by 2.5%. The impact of irradiation power was studied at the area of maximal effect in the visible region of the spectrum. Changes in HbCO relative concentration reach saturation level when laser light power exceeds 40 mW at both wavelengths. HbCO photodissociation rate is very high, and its quantum yield, which is almost 80% in the region of maximal effect, allows to expect high efficiency of the proposed optical method for eliminating toxic effect of carbon monoxide.

Purpose. To evaluate effects of photodynamic therapy with microencapsulated form of Photoditazine, complexed with amphiphilic polymers with hydroxyapatite, at the microflora of experimental gunshot wounds. Materials and methods. 70 nonlinear rats were in the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups. In the control group, dressings with antiseptics were used to treat soft-tissue gunshot wounds. In the experimental Group 1, laser PDT session with aqueous solution of 0.5% Photoditazine on a gunshot wound was made. In the experimental Group 2, laser PDT session with 0.5% Photoditazine complexed with amphiphilic polymers in a gel form was made. In the experimental Group 3, laser PDT session with gel, microencapsulated form of 0.1% Photoditazine complexed with amphiphilic polymers and hydroxyapatite was performed. Microbiological testing was made too. Results. The conducted studies showed that on the third day, microbial contamination on gunshot wound surface which was treated with PDT plus Photoditazine in microencapsulated or gel form, was much less comparing to another experimental group and, especially, to the control group. In most cases, the number of microbial bodies in 1 ml of wound secretion was 1х10⁶ CFU with a clear tendency to decrease to the safe level on the fifth day of observations (1х10⁵ CFU in 1 ml of wound secretion) and did not increase thereafter. On day 10 of the treatment, index of microbial contamination on wound surface was significantly lower, in most cases, than the critical level (1х10⁴ CFU in 1 ml of wound secretion). Conclusion. Photodynamic therapy with microencapsulated form of Photoditazine complexed with amphiphilic polymers and hydroxyapatite has a pronounced antimicrobial effect, contributes to a rapid decrease in microbial contamination of the wound surface on the 5th day of treatment up to 1х10⁵ CFU/1 ml which is below the critical level.

In the review, the researchers analyze possibilities of modern diagnostic technology - confocal laser endomicroscopy - in the diagnostics of colon neoplasia. Technical principles of confocal laser endomicroscopy, namely, images of colon mucous membrane with large magnification (1,000 times) and resolution, are presented. The main principle is tissue illumination with blue laser light of low-level power and subsequent detection of fluorescence reflected from tissues. The authors discuss contrast agents which are used for investigaitons. Principles of image interpretation are described as well. Using confocal endomicroscopy, one can differentiate healthy tissue from tissue with regenerative or neoplastic changes; however, nowadays, one cannot define the degree of dysplasia. An endoscopist is to differentiate the normal histological picture from the pathologically altered one in order to determine the place for sampling the biopsy material. With confocal laser endomicroscopy, it is possible to make a lifetime evaluation of detected lesions at the cellular level - so-called «optical biopsy».

The review analyzes R & D findings on the problems of photodynamic therapy (PDT) which were obtained in research institutions and other cooperating organizations in the Russian Federation in 2016-2017 and which were registered in the Unified State Information System for Research, Development and Technological Works of Civil Purposes. In the Russian Federation, scientists actively work to perform fundamental researches on PDT mechanisms of action: there are works on new photosensitizers including those of the third-generation for cancer diagnostics and treatment as well as there are works on new PDT technologies for treating both oncologic diseases and purulent infection.