The aim of the present work was to study the effectiveness of laser stimulation of red bone marrow at the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in damaged myocardium. 90 rats with diffuse and local myocardial damage were used as a model. Laser light with wavelength 980 nm or 670 nm, power 1 W was applied to the zones of red bone marrow location for 10 days, exposure one minute per zone. VEGF was detected in an immunostained paraffin section with the immunohistochemical test. Results: There was a significant increase in VEGF expression in the damaged myocardium on days 1 and 10 after laser sessions. The maximal VEGF expression was achieved in animals with diffuse myocardial damage. There was no significant difference between the groups exposed to laser light with different wavelengths. Previously, we demonstrated the accelerated reparation and normalization of microcirculation in the myocardium with diffuse and local injuries after laser stimulation of the bone marrow, so the increase in VEGF expression may be the evidence of paracrine activation with migrating stem cells of local neoangiogenesis and heart tissue healing.

The article discusses application of laser therapy in pediatric oncology for treating complications after chemotherapy such as oral mucositis. The authors compare the effectiveness of laser therapy with pharmacotherapy. They also discuss reasons of low spreading rate of laser therapy technique into pediatric oncology.

Continuous fixed-power laser exposure to human tissue (in particular, to cutaneous neoplasms) will increase the temperature of the heated tissue only to a certain stationary value. Continued irradiation with the same power and constant target absorbing capacity will not lead to further increase of the target temperature. However, surrounding healthy tissue will warm up, and it can cause a thermal damage. The aim of the present work is to obtain nomographs for determining the required power density and the duration of exposure for heating cutaneous neoplasms to the desired temperature (for example, denaturing temperature of collagen, vaporization or incineration of human tissue), as well as to carry out clinical testings of the proposed technique for selecting laser radiation parameters. In the course of the work, the researchers developed formulas for estimating the value of steady-state temperature. Experimentation was carried out on the mock-up sample in order to determine the applicability of the formulas obtained. Based on them, simple ratios were obtained, and with their help the optimal radiation parameters of semiconductor laser (wavelength 808 nm) were determined for the removal of papillomas, fibrosis, nevi simple and senile hyperkeratoses. The calculated ratio efficiency is shown in removing cutaneous neoplasms with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tissues. The work was carried out in OOO «Partner Beauty», Moscow.

In the present study the researchers analyzed the effectiveness of transcutaneous laser blood irradiation (TLBI) for potentiating traditional combined general anesthesia in patients with abdominal pathology. In addition, various semiconductor laser devices were used, and a comparative assessment of their effectiveness was made. This comparative analysis has revealed that the consumption of analgetics (Fentanyl) for maintaining general anesthesia decreased under TLBI potentiating effect; analgetic doses of narsotic agent (Fentanyl) were reduced during traditional combined general anesthesia. Indexes of peripheric and central hemodynamics during traditional combined general anesthesia potentiated by TLBI of various lasers were practically close to initial values at all surgical stages what indicates an adequate anesthesia protection during surgical interventions.

Aim. To experimentally background the effectiveness of Nd:YAG laser light in patients with vascular lesions analyzing findings of histological examination. Materials and methods. A surgical laser Nd:YAG «Smart A10» DEKA (Italy) with wavelength 1064 nm was used in the study. Blood vessels in rabbit’s ear lobes were chosen as a biological model. Morphological changes in them were assessed after laser irradiation. There were three experimental groups. In Group1 ear blood vessels were irradiated with Nd:YAG laser light (40 mJ, 25 Hz, 1 W, pulse type «short»); in Group 2 experimental animals were irradiated with the same laser but with different parameters (50 mJ, 40 Hz, 2 W, pulse type «short»); in Group 3 - Nd:YAG laser light, 80 mJ, 50 Hz, 4 W, pulse type «short». Conclusion. Nd:YAG light has a marked hemostatic effect. The largest volume and depth of injury in soft tissues of rabbit’s ear lobes were observed at 4W power; the least volume and depth of mucous injury were seen at 1 W power. Findings of the described experiment demonstrate that Nd:YAG laser light with wavelength 1064 nm and power from 2 to 4 W may be effectively used for treating patients with vascular lesions

Objective. To study the dynamics of IL-1β, IL-4 and TNF-α levels in patients with pleural effusion of various etiology under lowintensive laser therapy (LILT). Material and methods. 68 patients with pleural effusion of various etiology were examined; 42 men (61.8%) and 26 women (38.2%). The average age was 67.6 + 13.9. All patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 30) and studied (n = 38). Depending on the etiology of pleural effusion, patients of both groups were divided into three subgroups. Healthy donors in a comparison group (n = 15) were comparable by sex and age. Patients from the control group had only drug therapy according to the etiology of pleural effusion. Patients of the studied group had additionally intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI). Levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1β), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in blood serum was tested in all patients before therapy on days 1 or 2 after hospitalization and in 10-14 days after therapy onset. To define cytokine levels, test-systems manufactured by ZAO Vector-Best with solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Victor2 immunoassay analyzer (PerkinElmer firm) were used. Laser therapy technique developed by Stogovaya was performed with Matrix-VLOK (Matrix, Russia) laser device (wavelength 365 nm, output power 1-1.5 mW). For intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI), puncture of the ulnar vein with a disposable needle and KIVL-01 light guide was made. Irradiation lasted for 10 minutes in a continuous mode. Laser therapy course had 10 sessions. Results and discussion. IL-1β level before treatment was increased in both groups in all patients compared to healthy subjects, regardless of pleural effusion etiology. After treatment, TNF-α level significantly decreased only in the studied group. One could also see a significant increase of IL-4 level in the studied group. There was no reliable dynamics of IL-4 level in the control group. Conclusion. If LILT is included into the complex therapy of patients with pleural effusions of various etiology, one can see a correction of imbalance between pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, what indicates that LILT has anti-inflammatory effect. So, laser therapy may be recommended for the complex treatment of patients with pleural effusions of various etiology.

Objective. To improve outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with purulent wounds in soft tissues using laser photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer Photoditazine combined with water-soluble amphiphilic polymers immobilized on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in a form of gel. Findings of a comprehensive examination of 100 patients with purulent wounds in soft tissues were analyzed in the study. Materials and methods. Patients were divided into two groups: studied group (n-50) in which patients had photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Photoditazine combined with amphiphilic polymers immobilized on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in gel form and controls (n-50) who had traditional therapy. Walls and the bottom of the wound were covered with destructive necrotic tissues abundantly infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Results. In the studied group, histological examination of purulent wound biopsy specimens showed a more rapid clearance of wound surface from purulent necrotic masses and more rapid formation of granulation tissue comparing to the controls who had traditional therapy. On the 7th day, in the control group one could see a contraction of wound channel, less fibrino-necrotic masses and less neutrophil infiltration. The granulation tissue was seen at the border with intact tissues. On the same day, in PDT group, one could see a decreased volume of the fibrinose-leukocyte layer, maturation of the granulation tissue with more macrophages and fibroblasts. If to compare with traditional treatment, laser photodynamic therapy of purulent wounds in soft tissues with Photoditazine combined with the amphiphilic polymer increases phagocytic activity of macrophages, effectively decreases bacterial tissue contamination and accelerates the formation and maturation of granulation tissue as it has been shown by morphological studies.

The authors discuss results of their study of treating 130 patients with purulent scrotum diseases. The main group consisted of 42 patients who had photodynamic therapy (PDT); the control group was divided into subgroups A and B: patients from subgroup A (n-40) had traditional treatment, and patients from subgroup B (n-48) had surgery when high-level laser light was used. Planimetric, laboratory, microbiological and histological findings demonstrate that photodynamic therapy in the complex treatment of patients with purulent scrotal disease is a highly effective technique which reduces the length of hospitalization and the length of total treatment process by 26.8%. It is explained by less alterative-exudative phase of inflammation, less microcirculatory disorders as well as by a significant acceleration of wound purification from purulent-necrotic masses what leads to earlier and active granulation in tissue. The researchers underline the lack of microbial resistance to PDT.

The state of blood microcirculation in the oral mucosa was studied in 15 tobacco-smoking men aged 17 to 22 years. The control group consisted of 40 non-smoking men of the same age. Biomicroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) methods were used. 68% of smokers under biomicroscopy had a microcirculation disorder in the gums: a decrease in the density of functioning capillaries, a slowing of blood flow, intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes. The greatest changes were noted in the region of the gum margin. The LDF method revealed a decrease in the perfusion of periodontal tissues by blood and the weakening of active myogenic and neurogenic mechanisms of regulation of microcirculation.

The present review analyzes the effectiveness of laser medical technologies for treating patients with diabetic ulcers. Low-intensive laser therapy was combined with magnet therapy and exogenous nitrogen oxide. Mechanisms of the impact of low-intensive laser light at reparative processes were analyzed. Outcomes of surgical treatment of ulcerative defects with high-intensive laser light and air plasma are presented as well. The authors also assessed publications on photodynamic therapy in patients with diabetic ulcers

The present work compares constructive peculiarities of laser devices manufactured both in Russia and abroad. It also compares the effectiveness of various techniques applied for treating oral mucositis (OM) in children. The authors indicate the following limitations in foreign laser models which were used for treating OM: the only light emitted by laser, small light spot, continuous mode, only one emitter. Characteristics of Russian laser devices for comparison: laser light is pulsed; devices have not only laser light emitters but also red and infrared light emitters plus a source of constant magnet field. In addition, light spot is 4 cm²; professional apparatuses have two emitters. The authors analyze reasons of not wide application of laser therapy in oncology.