Objective: To study the effectiveness of photohemotherapy (PHT) with blue light for the treatment of infectious-allergic myocarditis (IAM). Material and methods. 75 patients (28 women and 47 men) aged 16–45 suffering of IAM were taken into the study. Patients received the conventional basic therapy with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, metabolic agents, antiarrhythmics, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Restorative and therapeutic photohemotherapy (PHT) was added to the basic therapy. PHT was done with blue light (λ – 450 ± 10 nm) using APSS Solaris LED device for intravascular blood irradiation through a disposable tube IL-01 which was inserted into a patient’s cubital vein. Radiation power at the fiber tip was 1.0–1.5 mW. Exposure to blue light lasted for 30 minutes; sessions were done every other day, and therapy course usually consisted of 5–6 procedures. Results. As it has been found out, PHT with blue light in the complex treatment of IAM patients improves their rheological status and clinical course of their disease (improved dyspnea and pain syndrome, temperature normalization, resorption of pericardic effusion, normalization of blood enzymes, peripheral blood parameters, normalization of contractility and myocardial metabolism). Conclusion. PHT with blue light in the complex treatment of IAM pathology has a positive clinical effect which leads to quick regression of disease symptoms and shortens terms of hospitalization.

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of laser therapy for the correction of hepatic encephalopathy depending on the severity of obstructive jaundice. Materials and methods. 60 patients with acute pancreatitis complicated by the obstructive jaundice of varying severity had clinical and laboratory examination and were prescribed standard and complex therapy. Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group I (n = 15) – patients with a mild form who had standard therapy which included infusion, antispasmodics, painkillers, desensitizers, antibacterial components, enzymatic inhibitors; Group II (n = 15) – patients with a mild form who had standard therapy + laser therapy; Group III (n = 15) – patients with a severe form who had standard therapy; Group IV (n = 15) – patients with a severe form who had standard therapy + laser therapy. Sessions of supravascular laser irradiation were done daily for 7 days, exposure 15 minutes, at the projection of cubital vein as well as at the projection of common carotid and vertebral arteries for 5 minutes at each side with laser device Matrix, CLOS emitting head (wavelength 635 nm, power 2 mW). The functional state of liver was assessed with levels of total and direct bilirubin in the blood, alanine (ALT) activity and aspartic aminotransferase (AST). To verify encephalopathy, psychometric tests were done (tests «Point in a circle» and «Labyrinth»). Results. The psychometric examination revealed impairments of higher brain functions in patients with mechanical jaundice of pancreatogenic origin. When assessing dynamics of some parameters of liver functional status, liver damage signs were seen. As it has turned out, severity of hepatic encephalopathy is associated with the degree of liver damage and severity of jaundice. If supravascular laser blood irradiation was included into the complex treatment, one could see a decrease in encephalopathy symptoms, especially in patients with mild mechanical jaundice. Conclusion. The effectiveness of laser therapy in the correction of encephalopathy in obstructive jaundice depends on the severity of liver damage. In severe liver functional failure, the effectiveness of laser therapy is reduced.

The present article analyzes effects of laser light irradiation at cystatin C concentration and some indicators of carbohydrate metabolism: basal blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR insulin resistance index in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Material and methods. 154 patients with MS were examined and treated (mean age- 36.5 ± 8.6 years). All patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group (32 patients) and studied group (122 patients). Patients in the control group had conventional treatment for metabolic syndrome disease: hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive therapy. Patients of the studied group in addition to medicamentious therapy had a course of intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) by ILBI – 405 (VLOK-405) technique. Laser «Matrix – VLOK» (Matrix Ltd, Russia) had wavelength 0.405 mkm and output power at the basic fiber tip 1–1.5 mW. Laser session lasted for 15 minutes in continuous mode; therapy course consisted of 10 daily sessions except weekends. Cystatin C level in the serum was assessed with the solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test using «HumanVendor HumanCystatin C ELISA» reagent kit (BioVendor Ltd, Czech Republic). Glucose concentration in capillary blood was determined with the glucose oxidase method on an empty stomach and in 1 and 2 hours after the per oral glucose tolerance test. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level in the serum was assessed using immunoassay on an empty stomach. In all tests, PerkinElmer Victor 2 enzyme immunoassay analyzer with wavelength 450 nm was used. Results. It has been shown that low-level laser therapy added to medicamentous therapy in MS cases normalizes cystatin C concentration and leads to better dynamics in carbohydrate metabolism.

Purpose: To assess effectiveness of CO2-laser light in myringotomy in patients having acute otitis media with effusion. Material and methods. 172 patients with acute otitis media and effusion were taken into the study. Multispiral computed tomography, as early diagnostics, was prescribed to all such patients. The obtained findings helped to decide if conservative treatment would be effective or to choose surgical intervention – laser myringotomy with CO2-laser. During examination of temporal bones with CT, specialists were looking for the effusion in cavities of the middle ear, bone-destructive and other pathological changes as well as they were measuring the eardrum thickness. Patients who were selected for surgical treatment were divided into two groups: Group 1 – patients with eardrum thickness equal to or less than 0.5 mm (n = 44); Group 2 – patients with eardrum thickness more than 0.5 mm (n = 30). Results. It has been found out that the optimal laser power which perforates the eardrum with a given diameter after a single exposure is 18 W if the tympanic membrane thickness is equal to or less than 0.5 mm; if the eardrum thickness is more than 0.5 mm, the optimal power is 22 W. Conclusion. Laser myringotomy is an effective method of surgical treatment of patients having acute otitis media with effusion. This technique drains the middle ear without intra-operative and postoperative complications. While making myringotomy with CO2-laser, one has to consider patient’s eardrum thickness.

Purpose. To study morphofunctional characteristics of human platelets irradiated in situ with modulated light of the visible spectrum. Material and methods. Donor platelets were harvested by the automatic apheresis, stained with vital dye and irradiated with a laser system attached to the confocal microscope «Nikon D-Eclipse C1» (Nikon, Japan). Modulated light with long UV-wave (λ = 408 nm), blue light (λ = 488 nm), green light (λ = 543 nm) and red light (λ = 637 nm) was used for the irradiation; irradiation sessions lasted for 0.5–60 min. Results. Аfter low-dose light irradiation with λ = 488 nm and λ = 543, human platelets did not have any visible changes; after irradiation with red light (λ = 637 nm), platelets with normal biological status were quickly degranulated and activated; degranulation intensity depended on the irradiation time. A similar effect was registered during long wave UV-irradiation (λ = 408 nm), while the followed platelet activation was lower than after red light irradiation. Granules offset to the cytoplasm periphery started in 0.5–1 min after red irradiation and in 10 minutes after ultraviolet one. Total activation of biologically high-grade platelets was seen in 30 and 60 min, respectively. Conclusion. Еxposure of human platelets to red and ultraviolet light in situ stimulates their spontaneous activation without any damage to the platelet structure.

Purpose. To determine optimal power and exposure characteristics of laser procedures with 1265 nm laser light for treating periodontal diseases in experiment. Materials and methods. 30 Wistar rats were taken into the study. After modeling periodontitis in these animals with the ligature technique, they had laser treatment with 1265 nm quasi-continuous laser light using various power and exposure parameters. The effectiveness of the discussed therapy was assessed on day 7 after the trial beginning. The following objective parameters were analyzed: state of tissues in the oral cavity; morphological picture in periodontal tissues, presence of reactive inflammation and necrotic fragments in the alveolar bone. Results. The obtained findings has demonstrated that the best results were seen in the groups of animals where irradiation parameters were 1.6 W – 300 s and 1.8 W – 180 s. Similarly, morphological picture was also the best in these groups. Conclusion. The most effective and optimal therapeutic regimes are: average power 1.6 W for 300 s (480 J) and 1.8 W for 180 s (324 J).

Purpose: to study effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) at the healing process in skin wounds and at the interaction of monofilament and polyfilament nylon threads with biological tissues. Material and methods. Linear wounds were made on the back of white rats. Animals were divided into the following groups: main group – 28 animals subjected to laser irradiation; control group – 24 rats not exposed to laser irradiation; 6 intact rats (normal). Wounds were irradiated with laser Matrix-VLOK with KL-VLOK head, wavelength 0.63 μm, output power 2 mW. Morphological examination assessed changes in wounds and interaction of biotissue with nylon threads. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used for assessing wound microcirculation with devices LAKK-01 or ALT-Vostok and LDF-01 with single-channel analyzers attached to the computer. The ratio of normal and pathological forms of erythrocytes in wounds was analyzed. Results. Polyfilament threads have been found to cause more pronounced inflammatory tissue reactions. LLLI decreases inflammatory changes in tissues which contact nylon threads; it also normalizes the ratio of normal and pathological forms of erythrocytes, intensifies microcirculation and accelerates wound healing. Conclusion. Laser irradiation has been found effective in decreasing inflammation and in accelerating healing process in wounds which are sutured with nylon threads.

Purpose. To find out the ratio of laser light absorption coefficients µа in water and in blood and the effective attenuation coefficient of radiation µeff in blood in the wavelength range of 1.3–2.0 µm. Absorption coefficients were experimentally measured for blood modeling solutions of oksi- and methemoglobin with concentration corresponding to hematocrit Hct ≈ 50%. The performed estimations confirmed that absorption in water exceeds absorption in blood close to local maxima of laser light absorption which correspond to wavelengths 1.45 and 1.94 µm. The obtained dependences allow to define the depth of effective impact of superficial laser irradiation of studied wavelengths at biotissues. They also allow to find out dimensions of areas in which laser radiation is absorbed in blood under interstitial irradiation and to find out distribution of absorbed energy amounts in water and in hemoglobin.

Purpose. Three children with congenital stenosis of the upper trachea were treated with neodymium laser light via endoscopic approach. The technique was developed in the First City Clinical Hospital at the Pediatric Surgical Center (Minsk, Belarus) for treating congenital abnomalies of the upper respiratory tract in children. Material and methods. X-ray and tracheobronchoscopy with Olimpus MAF TYPE GM apparatus were used for examination under general anesthesia. Tracheal stenosis was treated with Multiline medical multifunctional laser complex (Linline Medical Systems LLC, Belarus) equipped with a high-level neodymium laser emitter. Vaporization was done with the fiber having a spherical diffuser and an emitter with wavelength 1340 nm and power 15 W; exposure – for 2 seconds. In cicatricial stenosis, the trachea was notched with laser scalpel having wavelength 1064 nm and power 20 W. Results. All three children with congenital tracheal stenosis prior to laser treatment had tracheostomy at the age between 3 and 8 months. In one child, laser technique was used for treating complications after reconstructive surgery on the trachea and esophagus. The performed treatment resulted in successful decanulation. In two children, endoscopic ablation and vaporization of soft tissues – instead of surgery- were repeatedly made. After that, in one child of these two a successful decanulation was made. Conclusion. Tracheostomy performed in children of very young age promotes the formation of tracheal stenosis what can cause later problems with decanulation. Neodymium laser light with endoscopic access can be successfully used to treat congenital tracheal stenosis.