Clinical effi cacy of complex therapy for recurrent genital herpes using intravascular laser blood irradiation (ILBI) has been assessed. 125 women aged 29.5 ± 1.5 with clinical signs of chronic recurrent genital herpes suffering of the diseases for 7 years and more took part in the study. 60 patients had etiotropic therapy with acyclic nucleosides (AC) and Valaciclovir 500 mg/day. Complex therapy included ILBI (wavelength 635 nm, power 2 mW, exposure 8 minutes, 15 sessions ) simultaneously with Valacyclovir 500 mg/day. The obtained results demonstrated that ILBI signifi cantly reduces severity of objective and subjective symptoms of genital herpes; it also reliably reduces number of recurrences with a longer symptom-free period.

The article discusses effectiveness of photochemotherapy in a comprehensive rehabilitation process in patients with chronic obliterating diseases of arteries in the lower extremities, namely, with chronic arterial insuffi ciency (CAI). The effectiveness of blue light optical radiation was assessed while analyzing changes in blood rheology and peripheral hemodynamics as basic parameters in the pathogenesis of this disease. 48 patients were taken into the experiment. As it has been found out, the degree of changes in blood rheology and systemic hemodynamics are in the direct proportion to the degree of ischemia. The blue light photohemotherapy applied in the comprehensive restoration therapy led to the statistically signifi cant improvement in blood rheology and blood fl ow both in large vessels and in the microcirculation system.

Purpose.  To assess effectiveness of low-level infrared laser light in the treatment of non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers of various genesis. Materials and methods. 102 patients with diabetic foot syndrome and 104 patients with venous ulcers – who had outpatient examination and treatment – were taken into the study. Infrared laser «Mustang» (wavelength 0.89 μm, frequency 80 Hz, power 10W, exposure 2 min per zone) was used. Irradiation was made paravertebrally at segmental innervation zones (ganglia of lumbosacral region), at the projection of large vessels ( femoral and popliteal arteries, arteries of foot backside) bilaterally and at the back group of calf muscles on both sides. Laser therapy course consisted of 10 sessions. Results. Low-level infrared laser irradiation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome having non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers reduced wound defect clearance by 1.7 times; granulation process was improved by 1.3 times and healing (epithelization by 50%) process was accelerated by 1.3 times. In patients with venous ulcers, lesions cleared of devitalized tissues in 5.2 ± 0.7 days; granulation tissue appeared in 6.4 ± 0.5 days, and healing (epithelization by 50%) was achieved in 12.1 ± 1.2 days. Conclusion. In patients with diabetic ulcers, low-level infrared laser therapy promotes rapid clearance of wound surface from purulent necrotic detritus, enhances phagocytosis, normalizes microcirculation, reduces infl ammatory infi ltration, enhances macrophage response, fi broblast proliferation and stimulates angiogenesis. In patients with venous ulcers, laser irradiation activates transcapillary exchange, promotes restoration of structure and function of microcirculatory bed by increasing myogenic activity of smooth muscle cells of arterioles and precapillaries.

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of laser and kinesiotherapy for correcting size and volume of left heart parts in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) under supportive medicamentous therapy. Materials and methods. 100 patients with verifi ed DCM diagnosis were included into the study. All patients had differentiated medicamentous supportive therapy. Not less than in three months after prescribing the differentiated supportive therapy, patients were divided into two groups comparable by sex, age, course of the disease, severity of condition, specifi city of their medicamentous therapy. Patients from Group 1 had intravenous laser blood irradiation and unloading curative gymnastics together with supportive differentiated medication. Patients from Group 2 (control group) continued their differentiated medicamentous therapy. All patients were examined by echocardiography in M- and B-regimens; ECG ; clinical examinations. Results. The data obtained during dynamic follow-up in 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months demonstrated a reliable decrease in size and volume of left heart parts and better contractility of the left ventricle in Group 1. In the controls (Group 2), there was no signifi cant positive dynamics; on the contrary, echocardiography indices signifi cantly worsened in 9 and 12 months of follow-up control. These results confi rm fi ndings of numerous studies about low effectiveness of DCM treatment with if this treatment is solely medicamentous one. Conclusion. The developed technique can be used in practical work of GPs and cardiologists to optimize outcomes in patients with DCM.

Purpose. To assess effects of low-level laser irradiation ( LLLI ) at the energetic activity of cortical cells under physical loading in athletes so as to correct their functional state. Materials and methods. High-class athletes, representing game sports (football – Smolensk Football Club – 24 subjects, ice-hockey club «Slavutich» – 31 subject). Equipment: hardware and software complex for topographic mapping of brain electrical activity «Neuro-KM»; laser therapeutic apparatuses «Uzor-3K» and «Uzor-3KS». Results. Low-level laser irradiation under specifi c physical loading caused a reliable overall group decrease in the level of constant potentials in the lower-frontal region as compared with the effect of isolated physical loading leading to a signifi cant increase of this parameter. In the remaining regions, one can only trace a tendency of the studied parameter to move toward the initial level as a reaction to LLLI. Conclusion. Low-level laser light has a positive effect at the central nervous system which corrects functional state of athletes during their trainings; and the level of constant potentials in this case is an informative indicator.

Purpose. To study parameters of tissue hemo- and lymphomicrocirculation in the skin and mucosa in healthy men in normal state and in circulatory hypoxia. Twenty men, aged 19–27, were examined in the study. Hemo- and lymphocirculation was examined with laser Doppler fl owmetry (on the skin of palmar surface of the thumb base) and in the mucous ( on the lateral surface of middle third of the tongue). Results. It has been found out that normal hemo- and lymphocirculation parameters depend on tissue region where measurements were made. In normal conditions, hemocirculation and lymphcirculation in the skin are signifi cantly lower than in the mucous membrane on the lateral surface of the tongue. If occlusion takes place on the limb skin and on the tongue mucous, lymph fl ow increases. In post-occlusion period, one can see a rapid recovery of hemocirculation in the skin, while lymphocirculation decreases. In the tongue mucous in post-occlusion period , hemocirculation became less intensive in comparison to the baseline level, while lymphocirculation parameters were higher than the baseline level. Conclusion. Different tissue regions have their specifi c hemo- and lymphocirculation features which depend on the structural and functional organization of their microcirculatory fl ow. The obtained data can be used both for the diagnostics of blood and lymph fl ow disorders as well as for the assessment of local toxicosis in tissue microdistricts in various pathological conditions.

Photodynamic and light-oxygen effects in biosystems are caused by molecular singlet oxygen production. The difference in their manifestations is associated, fi rst of all, with the place where singlet oxygen is generated in the microstructure of biological objects. Peculiarities of their effects determine area of their application. Objective. To fi nd out submicroscopic differences in leukocytes which are treated by laser light in the oxygen absorption band and under photodynamic effect (PDE). Materials and methods. Lympho-leuko mass was extracted from donor blood taken at a venipuncture using the standard procedure. Its 0.5 ml epiquots were irradiated in a quartz cuvette with 1 264 nm laser radiation (light-oxygen effect – LOE). The second series of samples was irradiated with 405 nm radiation (Soret band) in the presence of chlorine E6 photosensitizer (photodynamic effect – PDE). Various irradiation parameters were used. Leukocyte suspension was prepared for microscopy by the standard technique for blood cells. Semi-thin slices were examined with DLMB light binocular microscope having a digital camera and image analyzer made by the Leica fi rm. Ultra-thin sections were examined by transmission electron microscope Libra 120 (Karl Zeiss fi rm). Results. In large magnifi cation (600–1000) of the microscope, morphological changes in both granulocytes and agranulocytes were observed under different experimental regimes. When laser exposure is 1 264 nm and maximal exposure dosage – 90 J/cm2, changes in monocytes and lymphocytes look like a partial detachment of plasmalemma or its detachment from the main cytoplasm. In granulocytes, there are cytoplasma areas having no organelles what indicates that the impact was right at the redistribution of nuclei and other components of granulocyte cytoplasm. With irradiation dosage decreasing, changes in samples become less; it shows their dose-dependent character. If irradiation takes place in the Soret band with photosensitizer and exposure dose 100 J/cm2, changes observed in granulocytes show cytoplasmic vesiculation, while agranulocytes cells have a larger volume what indicates injuries to cell membranes and the onset of osmotic swelling. Conclusion. The data obtained in different cell populations under electron microscopy examination indicate different changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships under different irradiation parameters. These differences predetermine more precise points for better practical application of LOE and PDE effects. At the same time, the obtained data can be prerequisite for future researches in this direction.

Purpose. To show effectiveness of laser technologies in the complex treatment of esophageal strictures of various etiology in children. Material and methods. 60 children aged 1–16 with esophageal pathology of various genesis were in the study. 24 out of them had esophageal strictures after chemical burns. Degree and extension of strictures were diagnosed with X-ray and endoscopic examinations. To cut esophageal strictures and vaporize mucous, a neodymium laser was used. Results. Two children had short strictures in the esophagus after chemical combustion . They were treated only by laser recanalization with good effect. 4 patients had severe burns; dilation and laser recanalization of the esophagus were useless in them. Therefore, reconstructive surgeries were made. In other patients, treatment lasted longer and with temporary effect. Later, reconstructive surgeries were made in 10 cases, while 8 patients had only medicamentous treatment and mechanical dilatation of strictures. Laser recanalization, including dissection of strictures and vaporization of granulations, extends physicians’ options to treat post-burn strictures in children.

The authors have made a retrospective analysis of the outcomes after diagnostics and treatment of four patients with Fournier gangrene (FG) who were admitted to the 4th surgical department of the clinic in Azerbaijan Medical University in 2017. For their diagnostics patients had standard clinical and laboratory studies, X-ray survey and ultrasound examination of abdominal and urogenital organs. All patients were males aged 24, 68, 65 and 49 years. Specifi c features of clinical and laboratory pictures are shown. In all patients FG was characterized by a pronounced systemic infl ammatory reaction of the body, progressive course, intense pains, swelling, necrosis and emphysema of the external genital organs as well as by partial exposure of their testicles and sperma cord. The fi rst patient had necrectomy, scrotal plastic surgery with local tissues and intravenous laser blood irradiation (laser apparatus Matrix-VLOK-405). The second patient had repeated necrectomy, explantation and vacuum therapy. The third patient was castrated. The fourth patient had repeated necrectomies followed by autodermoplasty with his own tissues.

The present literature review discusses modem endoscopic techniques for colon examination. Recently, new diagnostic technologies have appeared, such as virtual chromoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, autofl uorescent endoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy which have signifi cantly increased the value of endoscopic examinations. The authors analyze effectiveness of virtual chromoscopy in the form of narrow spectral image (NBI), technologies of spectral color highlighting (FICE) and blue laser image (BLI) in endoscopic diagnostics of colon neoplasms. The aim of virtual chromoscopy is to make surface structures and capillary network more detailed; it is achievable while vising optical fi lters and post-computer image processing. Virtual chromoscopy BLI is an effective technique for endoscopic diagnostics of neoplasms of the colon; however, there are still a number of unresolved issues of its application which require further study and improvement.